Battle of Gaugamela
331 BCE · Gaugamela, Mesopotamia (modern Iraq)
Quick Facts
- Year
- 331 BCE
- Location
- Gaugamela, Mesopotamia (modern Iraq)
- Era
- 🏛️ Ancient Egypt & Mesopotamia
- Difficulty
- medium

Alexander the Great faced Darius III's massive Persian army on a plain near Gaugamela that Darius had leveled to give his scythed chariots and cavalry maximum advantage. Despite being vastly outnumbered, Alexander executed a brilliant oblique attack, drawing the Persian left flank out of position before leading his Companion cavalry in a devastating charge directly at Darius. The Persian king fled, and his army collapsed. The victory gave Alexander control of Babylon, Susa, and Persepolis, ending the Achaemenid Empire that had ruled the Near East for over two centuries.
💡 Le saviez-vous ?
Darius III had the battlefield at Gaugamela specially leveled and cleared of obstacles to maximize his chariot advantage, but Alexander simply avoided the prepared ground during his decisive charge.
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